From $4,000 to $4,600 in three weeks: what the August move asks of a physical desk

Rate expectations, a debt milestone and record official-sector buying moved gold sharply in August. For a physical book the operational question is settlement discipline, not direction.

Formalisation before exclusion: how ASM gold enters a compliant chain

Mercury use falls when artisanal operations are formalised, and formalisation requires a buyer. What a progressive due-diligence framework asks of the offtaker.

Central banks bought a record 289 tonnes while the price was falling

Reserve managers posted their strongest second quarter on record in the same quarter gold fell more than twenty per cent — and the documentary bar for official-sector metal rose with it.